Pad forming apparatus



June 6, c AVERY r AL I PAD FORMING APPARATUS Fiied April 27, 1936 '3Sheets-Sheet 1 M W W WWW \ WWW WW IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII l' vvyyv INVENTORS.CLARENCE \IV. AVERY JAMES VEHKO A TTORNE Y.

, ima l w m June 6, 1939..

c. w. AVERY :1- AL PAD ,FORMING APPARATUS Filed April 27, 19363*Sheets-Sheet. 2

INVENTORS' CLARENCE W AVERY JAMES VEH KO June 6, 1939 c. w. AVERY AL.2,161,123

PAD FORMING APPARATUS Filed April 27., 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet a INVENTORS.CLARENCE w. AVERY JAMES VEHKO v @ai mw Mm,

TORNEY 5.

Patented June 6, 1939 UNITED STAT PATNT GFIE PAD FORMING APPARATUSApplication April 27, 1936, Serial No. 76,633

12 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for serially blanking out sectionsof material for use in the interior of automotive vehicle bodies. Moreparticularly, it relates to a machine which may be conveniently utilizedfor the purpose of blanking out sections of padding for inner trimpanels or for blanking out sections of upholstery finish material, asmay be desired.

In order to obtain a more complete understanding of the inventionpresented in this application, reference may be had to applicants priorcopending application Serial No. 71,515, filed March 28, 1936, in whichis illustrated and described the complete assembly line of which theunit disclosed and claimed herein forms one specific part.

The present invention contemplates the provision of continuouslyoperated apparatus for feeding an endless web of material to a pointadjacent a blanking out press. Novel and improved mechanism is providedin order to arrest move ment of the material at this point and tointermittently feed the same through a blanking press in order that thematerial will be maintained stationary during the stamping operation.

The broad inventive concept presented in this application will findpractical utility in many and varied different applications, but it willbe appreciated that the present disclosure relates specifically to twoprimary uses for which the apparatus shown is intended. The apparatusmay be utilized in connection with a pad generating unit of suchstructure that a substantially continuous, loosely felted web ofnon-woven fibrous material is fed to the blanking press and theapparatus, when used for this purpose, will serve to blank out sectionsof this web which may subsequently be applied to relatively. stifibacking sheets and then covered with fabric finish material to forminner trim panels for automobiles. The apparatus disclosed will alsofind practical utility in combination with an upholstery forming machinewhich serves to generate a continuous composite strip comprising upperand lower fabric layers having padding material secured therebetween bymeans of longitudinally disposed lines of stitching. Sections of thisstrip may be blanked out to form pieces of upholstery of a configurationparticularly adaptable for finishing automobile seat backs and seatcushions.-

'mittent feed is accurately and definitely controlled with respect tothe rate of delivery of the constant feed mechanism.

The invention further contemplates the provision of novel means forfeeding the padding material in'between the dies of the press, whichmechanism serves also to aid in ejecting the sections of material afterthe blanking out operation has been completed.

Many other and further objects and advantages of the present inventionwill become clearly apparent from the following specification whenconsidered in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a partthereof.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a fragmentary plan view of a section of loosely felted,non-woven fibrous material, illustrating the manner in which sectionsthereof are blanked to form;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a section of padding material blanked to aconfiguration for use in an inner trim panel;

Fig. '3 is a transverse, sectional view, taken substantially on the line3-3 of Fig. '2;

Fig, 4 is a fragmentary, perspective view, with portions broken away,illustrating one embodiment of the apparatus of the present inventionutilized for the purpose of blanking out padded sections for inner trimpanels;

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal, vertical, sectional view, taken substantiallyon the line 5-5 of Fig. 4, illustrating the interior construction of theblanking press;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary plan view of a continuous strip of upholsterymaterial illustrating the manner in which sections may be blanked toform by the improved apparatus of the present inven tion;

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a section of upholstery material blanked out topredetermined desired configuration for use in a seat back;

Fig. 8 is a transverse; sectional View, taken substantially on the lineB8 of Fig. 7, illustrating in detail the interior construction of theupholstery strip; and

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary, perspective view of an embodiment of theinvention, illustrating the apparatus designed for blanking out sectionsof upholstery material from a continuous web.

With more particular reference to the drawings, the specific embodimentof the invention illustrated therein is, as has been described above,primarily adapted for use in preparing inner trim materials forautomotive vehicles. In the form of the invention illustrated in Figs.4' and it will be appreciated that the apparatus is intended for use inthe manufacture of preformed sections of padding material to be used inthe construction of padded inner trim panels. As will be understood byreference to applicants assignees prior co-pending application referredto above, means are utilized in connection with the apparatus of Fig. 4for delivering a substantially continuous strip of loosely felted,nonwoven fibrous padding material to a point adjacent the blanking outpress. Inasmuch as this web of padding material is continuously generated, it is inherent that the delivery thereof to the blanking presswill be at a substantially uniform and constant rate of speed. Whilethis delivery may be accomplished in any manner such as may be desired,the apparatus of the present invention contemplates the utilization of aconveyor comprising a pair of continuous chains in interconnected bytransversely extending rods I i which serve to support a continuous webof padding material 55. These chains pass over suitable sprocket wheelsI2 which are journaled upon a shaft 53 mounted for rotation in asupporting framework M adjacent the blanking press hereinafter describedin detail. A sprocket wheel i5 is secured to the shaft 53 and serves, bymeans of a sprocket chain ii, to drive a sprocket wheel 88 which issecured to the shaft of a roller l9 over which passes an endlessconveyor belt 2% which serves to receive the web of padding material 55and feed the same to the blanking press. The upper run of the endlessconveyor belt 283 extends from the roller is to a roller 2i journaledfor rotation in the framework 22 of the blanking press.

This roller 2! is intermittently operated as will hereinafter bedescribed in detail in order to intermittently feed the padding materialfrom the conveyor into the blanking press. The lower run of the conveyorbelt 20 extends downwardly from the roller 2! and passes underneath anidle roll 24 journaled for rotation in suitable brackets 25 secured tothe floor on which the apparatus is mounted. The conveyor belt 2'3 thenpasses upwardly over an idle roller 26 journaled for rotation in theframework It and downwardly around a take-up roll 27 which is mountedfor vertical movement in guides 28 constituting a part of the frameworkl4.

From the foregoing description it will be appreciated that as the rolleri9 is constantly driven by means of the feed conveyor, the upper run ofthe conveyor belt 28 will be uniformly fed forwardly by the roller H9 ata rate substantially the same as the rate at which the fibrous web ofpadding material i5 is delivered thereto. Inasmuch as the roller 25 isintermittently driven as hereinafter described, it will be appreciatedthat the upper run of the conveyor belt 29 will gradually sag downwardlyto substantially the position shown in Fig. l, as this drive takesplace. The downward movement of the central portion of the upper run ofthe conveyor 2b will be permitted due to the vertically movable take-uproll 21 mounted in the guides 28 and it will be seen that, as thisportion of the conveyor belt sags downwardly, this roller 2'1? will beraised vertically in its guideways. A compacting and feed roll 33 may bejournaled for rotation in the framework I i in a position to cooperatewith the roller H3 in order to positively feed the web of fibrousmaterial onto the conveyor 2!).

The blanking press includes the base frame 22, to each of the lateralsides of which are secured suitable upwardly extending side framemembers 35. A lower die bed 36 is secured in stationary position on thebase frame 22 and it will be seen that the web of fibrous material isfed over the surface of this bed by means of the conveyor 25. The roller2! at the forward end of the conveyor 2U preferably has a feed roll 3'!cooperating therewith in order to effect a positive feed of the fibrousmaterial over the bed 36 of the press. An upper die 33 of aconfiguration adapted to cooperate with the bed 35 to blank out sectionsof padding material of the desired configuration, is mounted in asuitable die retainer 38 permanently secured to a movable framework 35supported by a plurality of vertically extending operating rods 45, onepair of which is located at each of the lateral sides of the conveyor.These operating rods 4! preferably extend through suitable apertures inthe bed of the press and are all permanently secured at their lower endsin a movable actuating frame 42 disposed interiorly of the base frame22.

A shaft 45 is journaled for rotation in the base frame it of theblanking press and has a pair of eccentrics it permanently securedthereto. Cooperating members M are mounted for rotation on theperipheral surfaces of the eccentrics 46 and have projecting portions atwhich serve to provide means for pivotally mounting links 49. The outerends of the links $9 each have pivotally secured thereto a pair of links58 which serve to interconnect the outer ends of the links 49 with theactuating framework 12, and the links 49 also have pivotally securedthereto links 5! which support the outer ends of the links 49 onsuitable permanently mounted projecting brackets 52 shown as formedintegrally with the base frame 22. This link assembly serves to providea toggle construction which, upon rotation of the shaft d5, serves toeffect vertical movement of the actuating framework 52 and whichconsequently serves to move the die 38 into engagement with the bed 36to blank out a section of padding material to the desired configuration.

The shaft 15 which serves to actuate the movable die 38 has connected tothe outer end thereof a large gear of which is adapted to be driven byan electric motor 6! operating through a suitable sprocket chain 82 andclutch mechanism 63 hereinafter described in greater detail.

It will be appreciated from the foregoing that when the clutch mechanism63 is engaged, the electric motor will serve to drive the large gear Giland consequently effect an engagement of the dies 36 and 38 to blank outa section of padding material to the desired configuration, and it willbe further appreciated that one revolution of this shaft 15 will serveto complete one cycle of movement of the blanking press. The clutchmechanism 62 is preferably constructed by means con ventional in the artin such a manner that when it is engaged it will automatically bedisengaged upon the completion of one complete cycle of operation of thedie press. 7

A pair of cylindrical, substantially vertically disposed housings 65 areconnected in unit relation by means of a transversely extendingconnecting bar 66. This connecting bar 66 is guided for verticalmovement by a pair of forked depending brackets iil secured to theunderside of the transversely extending frame member 68 connecting theupper ends of the side frames 35 with the blanking press. A pair ofthreaded rods 69 each have their lower ends secured to the transverselyextending connecting bar 66 and pass upwardly through the brackets 61and frame memmaterial over the bed of the press at considerably ber 68and each threadably has secured thereon a bevel gear 10. The bevel gears10 are each driven by a cooperating bevel gear 1| secured to the end ofa shaft 12 mounted for rotation in the transversely extending framemember 68.. A suitable hand wheel 13 is provided for the purpose ofconveniently rotating the shaft 12 and consequently it will beappreciated that rotation of the hand wheel 13 will serve to adjust thevertical position of the transversely extending connecting bar 66 and atthe same time maintain this bar in fixed horizontal condition. Due tothe fact that the housings 63 are permanently secured to the crossbar66, it will be appreciated that the vertical position of these housingsmay be adjusted by means of rotation of the hand wheel 13. Journaledwithin each of the housings 65 is a lower idler pulley 15 and an upperpulley 16, which pulleys serve to mount a feed belt 11 which is drivenby a horizontally extending shaft 18 to which the upper pulleys 16 aresecured.

It will be appreciated that the hand wheel may be utilized for adjustingthe vertical position of the housings so that the feed belt 11, as itpasses over the lower pulleys 15, will serve to engage the upper surfaceof the padding material |5 as it passes through the press and serve toaid in feeding this material over the bed of the press. The verticaladjustment mechanism described above serves to provide convenient meansfor raising the housings 65 to facilitate removal of the upper diemember 38.

The shaft 18 is driven by means of a pulley secured to the outer endthereof over which passes a drive belt 8| which is driven by means of asprocket wheel 82 journaled adjacent the delivery side of the press andoperated by a 83 passing over a sprocket wheel 84. The sprocket wheel 84has secured thereto a gear which cooperates with a rack 85 pivotallysecured to the base frame of the blanking press at the point 66. Therack 85 is pivotally connected to the eccentric 46 at the point 81 andit will be seen that, as rotation of the shaft 45 takes place, the rack85 will move arcuately about its pivot 86- and effect a rotation of thegear 84 and consequently the feed belts 11 which serve to feed materialover the bed of the blanking press. It will be further appreciated thatno movement of this feed mechanism will take place except at such timesas the blanking press is driven and the respective parts are preferablyso constructed and proportioned that movement of the rack mechanism willtake place only at such times as the dies are in a position separatedfrom each other. Due to the fact that the tubular housing 65 extendsthrough suitable apertures in the upper die and the die frame, movementof the upper die will be entirely independent of the movement of thesehousings and, consequently, the feed belt 1| will be engaged with thesurface of the padding material |5 at all times irrespective of themovement of the upper die mechanism.

The pinion engaged by the rack 85 meshes with a pinion 90 which ispermanently secured to the shaft of the roller 2| and cooperates througha suitable gear train with a pinion 92 secured to the shaft of theroller 31. It will therefore be apparent that movement of the rack 85serves to effect a simultaneous feeding rotation of the cooperatingrollers 2| and 31 and the respective partsare so proportioned'that thismovement serves to feed a-predetermined length of padding above, at thegreater speed than the rate at which the padding material is deliveredto the conveyor belt Zil by means of the conveyor Ill. The respectivegears, racks,.sprockets and belts are also so proportioned that the rateof feeding movement effected by the cooperating rollers 2| and 31 issubstantially the same as the rate of feeding movement accomplished bythe feed belt 1|. Inasmuch as both of these feeding means are driven bythe rack 85, it will be seen that the feeding action of both means willbe synchronous and simultaneous and that neither one will operate exceptwhen both are driven.

It will be further appreciated that, as this relatively rapid feedingmovement takes place, the central portion of the upper run of the belt20 will be raised to a position where it will extend nearly directlybetween the rollers l9 and 30 and the rollers 2| and 31. The belt willbe tensioned to this position due to the weight of the verticallymovable roller 21 mounted in the guides 28.

A suitable source of light (not shown) is 'directed from one side of theapparatus and focused upon a photoelectric cell 95 located adjacent thecentral portion of the upper run of the conveyor belt when this belt issagging to its lowermost position. The photoelectric cell is connectedby means of a suitable circuit with an electric switch mechanism 96which serves to effect engagement of the clutch mechanism 63 when thelight beam on the photoelectric cell 95 is interrupted.

The operation of the apparatus described above is substantially asfollows: The continuous web of loosely felted, non-woven, fibrouspadding material is continuously fed by means of the conveyor l6 ontothe conveyor belt 28. It is assumed that the upper run of the belt is ina position above that shown in Fig. 4 and consequently the light beamfocused upon the photoelectric cell 95 is not interrupted. Consequently,the blanking press and the mechanism for feeding the materialtherethrough are not in operation. As the feed of material from theconveyor H! to the conveyor belt 20 takes place, it will be seen thatthe roller l9 at the rear end of the conveyor belt 20 is beingconstantly driven by the sprocket chain l1 and consequently the centralportion of the upper run of the conveyor belt 20 will gradually sagdownwardly until it reaches substantially the position shown in Fig. 4of the drawings. When the central portion of the upper run of theconveyor belt 20 has sagged downwardly to this position, the light beamfocused upon the photoelectric cell 95 will be interrupted and theswitch mechanism 96 will consequently be actuated to engage the clutch53. The engagement of the clutch 63 transmits drive of the motor 6| tothe large gear 60, which serves to drive the blanking press through onecomplete cycle of operation. It will be appreciated that, due to theconstruction and arrangement of parts described beginning of the cycleof operation the upper die will be moved upwardly by the eccentric 46and that rotation of this eccentric will serve to actuate the feed belts11 and at the same time serve to rotate the rollers 2| and 31, rapidlyfeeding a predetermined length of padding material across the bed of thepress. Due to the fact that the feed of the belts 11 and rollers 2| and31 is considerably more rapid than therate at which the belt is fed bymeans of the cooperating rollers 30 and I9, it will be appreciated thattheup'per run of the conveyor belt Mlwill be substantially raised, thuspermitting the light beam to again impinge upon the photoelectric cell95. After the feeding operation has been accomplished, the upper die ofthe blanking press will move downwardly and blank out a section ofpadding material it of a configuration in accordance with the particulardies used, after which blanking operation the clutch mechanism 63 willbe automatically disengaged until the upper run of the conveyor belt hassagged downwardly sufiiciently to cause a repetition of the cycle ofmovements above described.

The pinion which meshes with the rack is preferably connected to itsshaft by means of a one-way clutch in order that the mechanism forfeeding the material through the press including the rollers 2! and 3?and the feed belts ll will not be operated except upon the upstroke ofthe press and consequently this feeding movement will only take placeduring the time that the dies are engaged and therefore will take placein one direction only.

In order to feed the blanked-out sections Hit from the press, a pair ofrollers I02 and I03 are mounted near the delivery end of the press andare adapted to engage the material as it passes from the bed of thepress. These rollers are geared for simultaneous rotation and are drivenby the sprocket wheel 32 so that the feeding accomplished by theserollers will be synchronous with the feeding accomplished by the rollers2| and 37 and the feed belts 1?. Spaced slightly from the roller E 63 isa roller ltd over which passes an endless conveyor belt H15 which maypreferably be continuously operated to carry the blanked-out sectionslilil away from the press. The marginal edges of the web i5 around theblanked-out sections will not have sufiicient body to breach the gapbetween the roller 33 and the roller I9 and will consequently benddownwardly where they will be engaged by a pair of rollers it? whichfeed this waste material against a rotary dis-integrating element I08which may be driven by any suitable source of power and which serves tobreak up this waste fibrous material and discharge the same into ahousing HE]. A large conduit 5 H is connected to the housing and conveysfibrous material therefrom.

It will be appreciated that the above described apparatus makes possiblethe substantially continuous delivery of a continuous web of looselyfelted, fibrous material to the blanking press, and intermittent feedingof said material through the blanking press in order that no movement ofthe material will take place during the actual time that a section ofthe material is blanked out, means for separating the waste materialfrom around the marginal edges of the blanked-out sections andsubstantially continuously operated means for conveying the blanked-outsections away from the blanking press.

The modified form of apparatus disclosed in Figs. 6 to 9, inclusive, hasmany features in common with the apparatus described above, but isprimarily designed for blanking out sections of upholstery material froma continuous composite strip. The material adapted to be operated uponby the apparatus shown in Fig. 9 comprises a strip of compositeupholstery material H5 which is formed, as is seen in Fig. 8, of afabric backing layer H6, a fabric finish layer Ill and a layer offibrous padding material H8 secured in position between the fabriclayers. This padding material I8 is preferably secured in position bymeans of longitudinal lines of stitching H9 which provide a plurality oftufts disposed side by side and extending longitudinally of the strip.The manner in which this composite strip of upholstery material isformed is described and claimed in applicants assignees prior co-pendingapplication, Serial No. 67,362, filed Mar. 9, 1936.

The apparatus for blanking out sections of this material of suitableconfiguration to form includes a conveyor belt I29 which passes over aroller journaled on a shaft 12f to deliver the strip of upholsterymaterial at a substantially continuous, uniform speed to a pointadjacent the blanking press. The shaft 52! is journaled for rotation ina frame 522 which also has journaled therein a roller serving to supportthe rear end of a conveyor belt 123 serving to convey the material tothe blanking press. As was described above, this roller at the rear endof the The front end of the conveyor E23 passes over a suitrolier 428journaled for rotation in the base frame lid of the blanking press. Aswas the case in apparatus described above, the belt H3 is substantiallylonger than is necessary to reach between the pulleys at the ends ofthis conveyor and intermediate its ends the belt passes over a rollerI35 which is mounted for vertical movement in a pair of guide posts l3l,one located at each of the lateral sides of the conveyor belt I23.

the vertically extending The upper run of the conveyor belt 523 passesover the roller i551! and the roller I3!) is preferably formed ofsufficient weight to exert passes upwardly over a stationary idle rollerI34 vertically movable idle roller H35 which is mounted for verticalmovement in suitable guideways E36 formed as a part of the frame H2.

The intermittent feed mechanism utilized in connection with the blankingpress is substantially identical with that described in connection withthe embodiment of the invention shown in the preceding figures and likereference numerals have therefore been used in designating the partsthereof. A switch box I46 is secured to one of the vertical guides l3!and this switch box has a switch arm M2 which projects into the path theroller l3ii at a predetermined point at the downward limit of movementof this roller. The switch Ml serves to close a circuit to the switchbox which effects engagement of the clutch 63 to effect, first, feedingof mate- The dies utilized in this embodiment of the inventionpreferably serve to cut off only three sides of the upholstery section.The dies are preferably so formed that they trim the lateral sides ofeach section to the predetermined desired form, such as is shown in Fig.7, and trim the forward or top edge of the upholstery panel transverselyacross the entire width of the strip to separate next adjacent panels.The line of severance between adjacent panels is, in practically allinstances, a straight transverse line and consequently it is notnecessary to use dies which blank out all sides of the panel, but ismerely necessary to utilize dies for trimming the sides and transverselycutting across the strip. It will be appreciated that the ratio of thevarious parts comprising the feed mechanism may be carefullyproportioned in order that the longitudinal length of the panels formedby the machine will closely approximate the size desired.

While we have illustrated but two embodiments of the invention presentedin this application,'

many other and further modifications may be made, falling within thescope of the invention as defined in the subjoined claims.

We claim as our invention:

1. Apparatus of the class described comprising a continuously operatedconveyor for feeding a continuous web of material toward a blankingpress, a conveyor for feeding said web from said first mentionedconveyor into said blanking press, continuous means for driving one endof said second conveyor synchronously with said first conveyor, andintermittent means for driving the opposite end of said second conveyorin synchronism with the operation of said blanking press.

2. In a blanking press for blanking sections from a continuous web ofmaterial, feed belts extending through the movable die of said press toengage the material stamped and to feed the same across the bed of thepress.

3. In a blanking press, a stationary bed, a vertically movable dieadapted to engage said bed and blankout sections of material from a webpassed over said bed, means extending through said movable die adaptedto engage material on said bed to feed said material across said bed.

4. Apparatus of the class described comprising continuously operatedmeans for feeding a web of material toward a blanking press, and aconveyor for feeding said web of material from said first mentionedmeans into the bed of said blanking press, one end of said conveyorbeing operated continuously and the other end being operatedintermittently.

5. Apparatus of the class described comprising continuously operatedmeans for feeding a continuous web of material toward a blanking press,a conveyor for feeding said web from said means into the bed of saidblanking press, means for driving one end of said conveyor synchronouslywith said feeding means, and means for driving the opposite end of saidconveyor intermittently to periodically feed a predetermined length ofsaid web onto the bed of said press.

6. Apparatus of the class described comprising a blanking press having avertically movable die, a stationary die adapted to cooperate with saidmovable die, feed means extending through apertures in said movable dieadapted to engage a section of material disposedupon said stationary dieto feed the same transversely through said press, and means supportingsaid feed means independently of said movable die member.

'7. Apparatus of the class described comprising continuously operatedmeans for feeding a continuous web of material toward a blanking press,a conveyor belt for transferring said web from said means to saidblanking press, a roller adjacent said blanking press serving to supportand drive one end of said conveyor belt, intermittently actuated meansfor driving said roller, a second roller adjacent said feeding means andcontinuously operated means for actuating said second roller.

8. Apparatus of the class described comprising a continuously operatedconveyor for feeding a strip of material toward a blanking press, aconveyor belt for transferring said strip from said continuouslyoperated conveyor. to said blanking press, means for driving the end ofsaid conveyor belt adjacent said conveyor continuously and insynchronism therewith, and means for driving the end of said conve orbelt adjacent said blanking press intermittently.

9. Feeding mechanism for a blanking press comprising a pair of rollers,one adjacent said blanking press and one spaced therefrom, a conveyorbelt carried on and driven by said rollers, means for driving the rolleradjacent said blanking press relatively rapidly at predeterminedintervals and means for driving the other roller relatively slowly butcontinuously.

10. Feeding mechanism for a blanking press comprising a pair of rollersone adjacent said blanking press and the other spaced therefrom, aconveyor belt carried on and driven by said rollers, means forintermittently driving said roller adjacent said blanking press, meansfor continuously driving the other of said rollers whereby to cause theupper run of said conveyor to sag downward intermittently and avertically movable idle roller adapted to engage said conveyor belt tomaintain the material fed in engagement therewith.

l1. Feeding mechanism for a cutting means comprising a pair of rollers,one adjacent said cutting means and one spaced therefrom, a conveyorbelt carried on and driven by said rollers, means for driving the rolleradjacent said cutting means relatively rapidly at predeterminedintervals and means for driving the other roller relatively slowly butcontinuously.

12. Apparatus of the class described comprising means for continuouslyfeeding a continuous 4 web of material toward a blanking press, meansforv intermittently operating said blanking press at predeterminedintervals, and means for rapidly and periodically advancing said webinto said blanking press in timed relation with the operation of saidblanking press.

CLARENCE W. AVERY. JAMES VEHKO.

